Abstract: Izinjini zikadizili zingakhipha amandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Ngaphezu kwegumbi elivuthayo kanye nomshini wokuxhuma we-crank oguqula ngokuqondile amandla ashisayo kaphethiloli abe amandla omshini, kufanele futhi abe nezindlela ezihambisanayo nezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo, futhi lezi zindlela nezinhlelo zixhumekile futhi zihlangene.Izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinjini zikadizili zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini nezinhlelo, kodwa imisebenzi yazo iyafana.Injini kadizili ikakhulukazi yakhiwe izingxenye zomzimba kanye nemishini yokuxhuma i-crank rod, izindlela zokusabalalisa ama-valve kanye nezinhlelo zokudonsa nokukhipha umoya, ukuphakelwa kukaphethiloli kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula isivinini, amasistimu okugcoba, amasistimu okupholisa, amadivaysi okuqala nezinye izindlela nezinhlelo.
1. Ukwakheka kanye nemisebenzi yengxenye yezinjini zikadizili
Injini ye-diesel iwuhlobo lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, okuyidivayisi yokuguqula amandla eguqula amandla okushisa akhishwe ekushisweni kukaphethiloli abe amandla emishini.Injini kadizili iyingxenye yamandla esethi yejeneretha, ngokuvamile eyakhiwe ngomshini wokuxhuma we-crankshaft nezingxenye zomzimba, indlela yokusabalalisa ama-valve kanye nesistimu yokudonsa kanye ne-exhaust, uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngodizili, uhlelo lokuthambisa, uhlelo lokupholisa, nesistimu kagesi.
1. Umshini wokuxhuma we-Crankshaft
Ukuze uguqule amandla ashisayo atholiwe abe amandla omshini, kuyadingeka ukuqedela ngokusebenzisa umshini wokuxhuma we-crankshaft.Lo mshini ikakhulukazi wakhiwe izingxenye ezifana nama-pistons, amaphinikhodi, izinduku zokuxhuma, ama-crankshafts, nama-flywheels,.Lapho uphethiloli uvutha futhi usha ekamelweni elivuthayo, ukunwetshwa kwegesi kudala ingcindezi phezulu kwepiston, kuphushe iphiston liye emuva naphambili ngomugqa oqondile.Ngosizo lwenduku yokuxhuma, i-crankshaft iyajikeleza ukushayela imishini yokusebenza (umthwalo) ukwenza umsebenzi.
2. Iqembu lomzimba
Izingxenye zomzimba ikakhulukazi zifaka i-cylinder block, i-cylinder head, ne-crankcase.Kuyi-matrix yokuhlanganisa amasistimu emishini eyahlukene ezinjinini zikadizili, futhi izingxenye zayo eziningi ziyizingxenye ze-crank injini ka-diesel kanye nemishini yenduku yokuxhuma, izindlela zokusabalalisa ama-valve kanye nezinhlelo zokuthatha nokukhipha umoya, ukuphakelwa kukaphethiloli kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula isivinini, amasistimu okugcoba, nokupholisa. izinhlelo.Isibonelo, ikhanda le-cylinder kanye nomqhele we-piston ndawonye bakha isikhala segumbi elivuthayo, futhi izingxenye eziningi, amapayipi okungenisa nokukhipha, kanye namaphaseji kawoyela nawo ahlelwe kuwo.
3. Indlela yokusabalalisa i-valve
Ukuze idivayisi iqhubeke nokuguqula amandla ashisayo ibe amandla emishini, kufanele futhi ifakwe isethi yezindlela zokusabalalisa umoya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungenisa njalo umoya ohlanzekile kanye nokukhipha igesi engcolile evuthayo.
Isitimela se-valve sakhiwe iqembu lama-valve (i-valve yokudonsa, i-valve yokukhipha umoya, i-valve guide, isihlalo se-valve, ne-valve spring, njll.) kanye neqembu lokudlulisela (i-tappet, i-tappet, ingalo ye-rocker, i-rocker arm shaft, i-camshaft, negiya lesikhathi njll.).Umsebenzi wesitimela se-valve ukuvula nokuvala ngesikhathi esifanele ama-valve okungenisa nokukhipha umoya ngokwezidingo ezithile, ukukhipha igesi ekhipha umoya kusilinda, nokuhogela umoya ohlanzekile, okuqinisekisa inqubo ebushelelezi yokungena komoya wenjini kadizili.
4. Uhlelo lwamafutha
Amandla okushisa kufanele anikeze inani elithile likaphethiloli, elithunyelwa ekamelweni elivuthayo futhi lihlanganiswe ngokugcwele nomoya ukuze likhiqize ukushisa.Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nesistimu yamafutha.
Umsebenzi wesistimu yokunikeza uphethiloli wenjini ye-diesel ukujova inani elithile likadizili endaweni evuthayo ngengcindezi ethile phakathi nesikhathi esithile, bese uyixuba nomoya ukuze wenze umsebenzi wokuvutha.Ikakhulukazi iqukethe ithangi likadizili, iphampu yokudlulisa uphethiloli, isihlungi sikadizili, iphampu yomjovo kaphethiloli (iphampu kawoyela enengcindezi ephezulu), isijojo sikaphethiloli, isilawuli sejubane, njll.
5. Uhlelo lokupholisa
Ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana kwezinjini zikadizili futhi uqinisekise izinga lokushisa elivamile lezingxenye ezihlukahlukene, izinjini zikadizili kufanele zibe nesistimu yokupholisa.Isistimu yokupholisa kufanele ibe nezingxenye ezifana nephampu yamanzi, irediyetha, i-thermostat, ifeni, nebhantshi lamanzi.
6. Uhlelo lokuthambisa
Umsebenzi wesistimu yokugcoba ukuletha uwoyela wokugcoba ezindaweni zokungqubuzana zezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezihambayo zenjini kadizili, odlala indima ekwehliseni ukungqubuzana, ukupholisa, ukuhlanza, ukuvala uphawu, nokuvimbela ukugqwala, ukunciphisa ukumelana nokungqubuzana nokuguga, nokuthatha. ukususa ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukungqubuzana, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini kadizili.Ikakhulukazi iqukethe ipompo likawoyela, isihlungi sikawoyela, irediyetha kawoyela, amavalvu ahlukahlukene, namaphaseji kawoyela wokugcoba.
7. Qala uhlelo
Ukuze uqalise ngokushesha injini ye-diesel, idivayisi yokuqala nayo iyadingeka ukulawula ukuqala kwenjini ye-diesel.Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuqalisa, izakhi ezifakwe idivayisi yokuqalisa ngokuvamile ziqalwa ngama-motor kagesi noma ama-pneumatic motors.Kumasethi ejeneretha yamandla aphezulu, umoya ocindezelwe usetshenziselwa ukuqalisa.
2. Isimiso sokusebenza senjini ye-diesel emine
Enqubweni yokushisa, inqubo yokwandisa kuphela uketshezi olusebenzayo olunamandla okwenza umsebenzi, futhi sidinga ukuthi injini iqhubeke ikhiqiza umsebenzi wemishini, ngakho-ke kufanele senze uketshezi olusebenzayo lukhule ngokuphindaphindiwe.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuzama ukubuyisela uketshezi olusebenzayo esimweni salo sokuqala ngaphambi kokukhula.Ngakho-ke, injini kadizili kufanele idlule ezinqubweni ezine zokushisa: ukudonsa, ukucindezelwa, ukunwetshwa, kanye ne-ehausus ngaphambi kokuba ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala, okuvumela injini kadizili ukuthi iqhubeke ikhiqiza umsebenzi womshini.Ngakho-ke, izinqubo ezine ezingenhla ezishisayo zibizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo wokusebenza.Uma i-piston yenjini kadizili iqeda imivimbo emine futhi iqeda umjikelezo owodwa wokusebenza, injini ibizwa ngokuthi injini ye-diesel emine.
1. Ukushaywa unhlangothi
Inhloso ye-stroke yokuthatha iwukuhogela umoya omusha nokulungiselela ukusha kukaphethiloli.Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthatha, umehluko wengcindezi kufanele wakheke phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwesilinda.Ngakho-ke, phakathi nalesi sifo, i-valve yokukhipha umoya iyavaleka, i-valve yokudonsa iyavuleka, futhi i-piston isuka endaweni efile phezulu iye endaweni efile phansi.Ivolumu ku-cylinder ngaphezu kwepiston kancane kancane iyanda, futhi ingcindezi iyancipha.Umfutho wegesi kusilinda cishe ungaphansi kuka-68-93kPa kunomfutho womoya.Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela komkhathi, umoya omusha udonswa kusilinda ngevalvu yokungena.Lapho i-piston ifika endaweni ephansi efile, i-valve yokudonsa iyavala futhi i-stroke yokudonsa iyaphela.
2. Ukucindezelwa unhlangothi
Inhloso ye-compress stroke ukukhulisa ukucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphakathi kwesilinda, ukudala izimo zokushiswa kukaphethiloli.Ngenxa yokuvalwa kwe-valve yokungena kanye ne-exhaust, umoya ku-cylinder ucindezelwe, futhi ukucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa nakho kukhuphuka ngokufanele.Izinga lokukhuphuka lincike ezingeni lokucindezelwa, futhi izinjini ezahlukene zikadizili zingase zibe nomehluko omncane.Lapho i-piston isondela endaweni efile ephezulu, umfutho womoya kusilinda ufinyelela (3000-5000) kPa futhi izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-500-700 ℃, lidlula kude izinga lokushisa le-self ignition likadizili.
3. Ukunwetshwa unhlangothi
Lapho i-piston isizophela, umjovo kaphethiloli uqala ukujova udizili kusilinda, uwuxube nomoya ukuze wenze ingxube evuthayo, futhi ngokushesha uyazithungela.Ngalesi sikhathi, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwesilinda ikhuphuka ngokushesha ifike ku-6000-9000kPa, futhi izinga lokushisa lifinyelela phezulu njenge-(1800-2200) ℃.Ngaphansi kokuqhutshwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye namagesi anomfutho ophezulu, ipiston yehlela phansi endaweni efile futhi ishayela i-crankshaft ukuthi ijikeleze, yenza umsebenzi.Njengoba i-piston yokwandisa igesi yehla, ukucindezela kwayo kuyehla kancane kancane kuze kuvuleke i-valve yokukhipha umoya.
4. I-Exhaust stroke
4. I-Exhaust stroke
Inhloso ye-exhaust stroke ukususa igesi ephumayo kusilinda.Ngemva kokuqedwa kwe-stroke yamandla, igesi kusilinda isiyigesi yokukhipha umoya, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lehla laya ku-(800~900) ℃ nokucindezela kwehla ku-(294~392) kPa.Kuleli qophelo, i-valve yokukhipha umoya iyavuleka kuyilapho i-valve yokukhipha isalokhu ivaliwe, futhi i-piston isuka enkabeni efile iye phezulu phezulu.Ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyinsalela nokuphonswa kwepiston kusilinda, igesi ephumayo ikhishwa ngaphandle kwesilinda.Lapho i-piston ifika endaweni efile ephezulu futhi, inqubo yokukhipha umoya iyaphela.Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokukhipha isiqediwe, i-valve yokukhipha ivala futhi i-valve yokungenisa ivula futhi, iphinda umjikelezo olandelayo futhi iqhubeke isebenza ngaphandle.
3, Ukwahlukaniswa kanye nezici zezinjini zikadizili
Injini kadizili iyinjini evuthayo yangaphakathi esebenzisa udizili njengophethiloli.Izinjini zikadizili zingezezinjini zokuthungela ngokucindezela, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinjini zikadizili ngemuva komsunguli wazo omkhulu, uDiesel.Uma injini ye-diesel isebenza, idonsa emoyeni isuka kusilinda futhi icindezelwe ngezinga eliphezulu ngenxa yokunyakaza kwepiston, ifinyelele izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-500-700 ℃.Khona-ke, uphethiloli ufuthwa emoyeni onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngendlela yenkungu, exutshwe nomoya onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kwakhe ingxube evuthayo, evutha ngokuzenzekelayo futhi ishise.Amandla akhishwe ngesikhathi sokusha asebenza endaweni engaphezulu yepiston, ayiphushe futhi ayiguqule ibe ngumsebenzi womshini ojikelezayo ngokusebenzisa induku yokuxhuma kanye ne-crankshaft.
1. Uhlobo lwenjini kadizili
(1) Ngokusho komjikelezo wokusebenza, ingahlukaniswa ngezinjini ezine ze-stroke kanye nezinjini ezimbili zedizili.
(2) Ngokwendlela yokupholisa, ingahlukaniswa ngezinjini zikadizili ezipholiswa ngamanzi nezipholile emoyeni.
(3) Ngokwendlela yokuthatha, ingahlukaniswa ibe yizinjini zikadizili ezine-turbocharged nezingezona i-turbocharged (ezifisa ngokwemvelo).
(4) Ngokwejubane, izinjini zikadizili zingahlukaniswa zibe isivinini esikhulu (ngaphezu kuka-1000 rpm), isivinini esiphakathi (300-1000 rpm), kanye nesivinini esiphansi (ngaphansi kuka-300 rpm).
(5) Ngokusho kwegumbi elivuthayo, izinjini zikadizili zingahlukaniswa zibe umjovo oqondile, i-swirl chamber, nezinhlobo ze-pre chamber.
(6) Ngokwemodi yesenzo sokucindezela kwegesi, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-single acting, i-double acting, kanye nezinjini eziphikisayo ze-piston diesel.
(7) Ngokwenani lamasilinda, ingahlukaniswa ibe isilinda esisodwa kanye nezinjini eziningi zedizili.
(8) Ngokusetshenziswa kwazo, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinjini zikadizili zasolwandle, izinjini zikadizili zesitimela, izinjini zikadizili zezimoto, izinjini zikadizili zemishini yezolimo, imishini yobunjiniyela izinjini zikadizili, izinjini zikadizili eziphehla ugesi nezinjini zikadizili ezinamandla angaguquki.
(9) Ngokwendlela yokunikeza uphethiloli, ingahlukaniswa ibe ngumshini wokuphakela uphethiloli wephampu kawoyela onengcindezi ephezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu kaloliwe ejwayelekile yokulawula umjovo kawoyela wesitimela.
(10) Ngokuvumelana nokuhlelwa kwamasilinda, ingahlukaniswa ibe ukuhlelwa okuqondile nokumise okwe-V, ukuhlelwa okuphikiswa ngokuvundlile, ukuhlelwa okumise okwe-W, ukuhlelwa okumise okwenkanyezi, njll.
(11) Ngokwezinga lamandla, lingahlukaniswa libe elincane (200KW), eliphakathi (200-1000KW), elikhulu (1000-3000KW), nelilikhulu (3000KW nangaphezulu).
2. Izici zezinjini zikadizili zokukhiqiza amandla
Amasethi ejeneretha kadizili anikwa amandla yizinjini zikadizili.Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini evamile yokuphehla ugesi njengamajeneretha kagesi ashisayo, amajeneretha e-steam turbine, amajeneretha e-turbine yegesi, ama-generator amandla enuzi, njll. isilawuli esivumelana nezimo, izinqubo zokusebenza ezilula, ukunakekela nokulungiswa okulula, izindleko eziphansi eziphelele zokuhlanganisa nokuphehla ugesi, kanye nokunikezwa nokugcinwa kwamafutha kalula.Izinjini eziningi zikadizili ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla ziyizinhlobonhlobo zezinjongo ezijwayelekile noma ezinye izinjini zikadizili, ezinezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Imvamisa ehleliwe nesivinini
Imvamisa yamandla e-AC inqunyelwe ku-50Hz naku-60Hz, ngakho-ke isivinini sesethi ye-generator singaba ngu-1500 no-1800r/min kuphela.I-China kanye namazwe angaphambili asebenzisa amandla aseSoviet ikakhulukazi asebenzisa i-1500r/min, kanti amazwe aseYurophu nawaseMelika ikakhulukazi asebenzisa i-1800r/min.
(2) Ibanga likagesi elizinzile
I-voltage ephumayo yamasethi ejeneretha yedizili esetshenziswa e-China ingu-400/230V (6.3kV kumasethi amakhulu ejeneretha), nemvamisa engu-50Hz kanye nesici samandla se-cos ф= 0.8.
(3) Ibanga lokuhlukahluka kwamandla libanzi.
Amandla ezinjini zikadizili ezisetshenziswa ukuphehla amandla angahluka ukusuka ku-0.5kW kuya ku-10000kW.Ngokuvamile, izinjini zikadizili ezinobubanzi obungu-12-1500kW zisetshenziswa njengeziteshi zikagesi ezihambayo, imithombo yamandla eyisipele, imithombo yamandla esimo esiphuthumayo, noma imithombo yamandla yasemaphandleni evame ukusetshenziswa.Iziteshi zamandla angaguquki noma zasolwandle zivame ukusetshenziswa njengemithombo yamandla, namandla aphuma amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-kilowatts.
(4) Inendawo ethile yamandla.
Izinjini zikadizili zokukhiqiza amandla ngokuvamile zisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezizinzile zokusebenza namazinga aphezulu okulayisha.Imithombo yamandla ephuthumayo kanye nekhophi yasenqolobaneni ngokuvamile ilinganiselwa kumandla angu-12h, kuyilapho imithombo yamandla evame ukusetshenziswa ikalwa ngamandla aqhubekayo (amandla afanayo esethi yejeneretha kufanele adonse ukulahleka kokudlulisela kanye namandla okuvusa enjini, futhi ashiye inqolobane ethile yamandla).
(5) Ifakwe idivayisi yokulawula isivinini.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-voltage ephumayo yesethi yejeneretha, amadivayisi okulawula isivinini asebenza kakhulu ngokuvamile afakwa.Ngokusebenza okuhambisanayo namasethi ejeneretha axhumeke kugridi, amadivaysi okulungisa isivinini afakiwe.
(6)Inokuvikela kanye nemisebenzi ye-automation.
Isifinyezo:
(7)Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwezinjini zikadizili ukukhiqiza amandla njengemithombo yamandla eyisipele, imithombo yamandla eselula, neminye imithombo yamandla, isidingo semakethe besilokhu sikhula unyaka nonyaka.Ukwakhiwa kwe-State Grid kuzuze impumelelo enkulu, futhi ukuphakelwa kukagesi kufinyelele ezweni lonke.Kulo mongo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinjini zikadizili ukukhiqiza amandla emakethe yaseChina kulinganiselwe, kodwa zisabalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ubuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izinto eziyinhlanganisela emhlabeni wonke.Izinjini zikadizili zokuphehla ugesi zithuthukela ekwenziweni okuncane, amandla aphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli, ukukhishwa okuphansi, umsindo ophansi, kanye nobuhlakani.Inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo kanye nezibuyekezo zobuchwepheshe obuhlobene zenze ngcono amandla esiqinisekiso sokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe lezinjini zikadizili zokuphehla ugesi, okuzokhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamakhono aphelele esiqinisekiso sokuphakelwa kukagesi emikhakheni eyahlukene.
https://www.eaglepowermachine.com/popular-kubota-type-water-cooled-diesel-engine-product/
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-02-2024