Abstract: I-cylinder liner yesethi yejeneretha kadizili iyipheya yamapheya okungqubuzana asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima njengezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umfutho ophakeme, ukugcotshwa okungekuhle, imithwalo eshintshanayo, nokugqwala.Ngemva kokusebenzisa ijeneretha ye-diesel ebekwe isikhathi esithile, kungase kube nokuvuthwa kwesilinda okusobala, ukushiswa kwamafutha okugcoba, namandla anganele, okubangelwa ukuguga okukhulu kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwesilinda.Uma ukuguga kusenesikhathi kwenzeka ku-cylinder liner, kungathinta amandla, umnotho, kanye nempilo yesevisi yamasethi ejeneretha kadizili.Ngemuva kokwenza ucwaningo lwemakethe yinkampani, kutholwe ukuthi abanye abasebenzisi bathenge amajeneretha edizili angakafinyeleli esikhathini sokushintshwa.Nokho, amasethi amaningi ejeneretha ahlangabezane nokulimala ngaphambi kwesikhathi emikhonweni yesilinda.Izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu ukuthi abalandelanga ngokuqinile izidingo zabo zokugcinwa nokulungisa, futhi abazazi izici zokusebenza zamasethi e-generator.Basawasebenzisa ngokwemibono nemikhuba yendabuko.
1, Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezithinta ukuguga kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwama-cylinder liners
Abasebenzisi abaningi bahlangabezane nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwama-cylinder liner ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi abanye baye bahlangabezana nezinkinga ezifana nokudonsa isilinda nokuphuka kweringi yepiston.Izizathu zalo monakalo zimi kanje:
1. Ukungalandeli ukusebenza kwezicaciso
Amajeneretha edizili amasha noma athuthukisiwe afakwa ngqo ekusebenzeni komthwalo ngaphandle kokulandela ngokuqinile ukusebenza kwezici, okungabangela ukuguga okukhulu nokudabuka kwe-cylinder liner nezinye izingxenye zejeneretha yedizili esigabeni sokuqala, kufinyeze impilo yesevisi yalezi zingxenye.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi amajeneretha edizili amasha navuselelwe kabusha kumele alandele ngokuqinile izidingo zokusebenza nokusebenza kokuhlolwa.
2. Ukunakekela ngokunganaki
Amanye amasethi ejeneretha ye-diesel ngokuvamile asebenza ezindaweni ezinothuli, futhi abanye opharetha abasigcini ngokucophelela isihlungi somoya, okuholela ekuvuzeni komoya engxenyeni yokuvala, okuvumela inani elikhulu lomoya ongahlungiwe ukuba lingene ngqo kusilinda, okwenza kube kubi ukuguga kwesilinda liner. , i-piston, namasongo e-piston.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi izisebenzi zesondlo kufanele zihlole ngokucophelela futhi ngokucophelela futhi zigcine isihlungi somoya ngesikhathi sokuvimbela umoya ongahlungiwe ukuthi ungangeni kusilinda.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokulungiswa, isihlungi somoya asizange sifakwe ngendlela efanele, namanye amaphedi enjoloba angekho kanye namabhawodi okubopha awaqiniswanga, okubangele ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-cylinder liner.
3. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile
Lapho amajeneretha edizili evame ukusebenza ngaphansi kokugcwala ngokweqile, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyakhuphuka, amafutha okugcoba aba mncane, futhi izimo zokuthambisa ziba zimbi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokunikezwa kukaphethiloli okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokweqile, uphethiloli awushiswa ngokuphelele, futhi i-carbon deposits ku-cylinder inzima, okwenza kube nzima ukugqokwa kwe-cylinder liner, piston, ne-piston rings.Ikakhulukazi lapho indandatho ye-piston ibambeka emgodini, i-cylinder liner ingase idonswe.Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvimbela ukusebenza okugcwele ngokweqile kwamajeneretha edizili kanye nokugcina izimo ezinhle zobuchwepheshe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amadiphozithi amaningi kakhulu ebusweni bethangi lamanzi.Uma kungahlanjululwa ngesikhathi, kuzothinta umphumela wokushisa ukushisa futhi kubangele ukwanda okubukhali ekushiseni okusebenzayo kwejeneretha ye-diesel, okuholela ekunamatheleni kwepiston kusilinda.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside okungalayishiwe
Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwamajeneretha edizili ngaphandle komthwalo kungasheshisa ukuguga kwezingxenye zesistimu yokucindezelwa.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi injini isebenza nge-throttle ephansi isikhathi eside, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba liphansi.Uma uphethiloli ujovwa kusilinda futhi uhlangana nomoya obandayo, awukwazi ukusha ngokuphelele, futhi ugeza ifilimu yamafutha okugcoba odongeni lwesilinda.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhiqiza ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical, okuqinisa ukuguga kwemishini yesilinda.Ngakho-ke, ama-generator e-diesel awavunyelwe ukuba angenzi lutho isikhathi eside ku-throttle ephansi.
5. Iphutha lokuhlanganisa
Iringi yokuqala yejeneretha yedizili iyiringi yomoya ene-chrome, futhi i-chamfer kufanele ibheke phezulu ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokuhlanganisa.Abanye abasebenzi bezokulungisa bafaka amasongo e-piston abheke phansi futhi awathandele phansi, anomthelela wokukhuhla futhi enze izimo zokugcotshwa zibe zimbi, okwenza kube nzima ukuguga kwesilinda liner, i-piston, ne-piston.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ungafaki amasongo e-piston abheke phansi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa.
6. Amazinga okugcina angalungile
(1) Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, qaphela ukuhlanzeka kwezingxenye, amathuluzi, nezandla zakho.Ungalethi izinto eziqhumayo ezifana nezinsimbi zensimbi nodaka kusilinda, okungase kubangele ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-cylinder liner.
(2) Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, akutholakalanga ukuthi umlomo wokupholisa wokugcoba ipiston wawuvinjiwe, okuvimbela uwoyela ukuthi ungafafazi endaweni engaphakathi yepiston.Lokhu kubangele ukuthi ikhanda le-piston lishise kakhulu ngenxa yokungapholi kahle, kwasheshisa ukuguga kwe-cylinder liner nepiston.Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuphinde kwabangela ukuba indandatho ye-piston igxume futhi igqekeze emgodini, futhi ibhange lendandatho lonakaliswe.
7. Izinqubo zokulungisa ezingafanele
(1) Lapho wengeza amafutha okugcoba ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kubalulekile ukunaka ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha okugcoba namathuluzi okugcoba, ngaphandle kwalokho uthuli luzofakwa epanini lamafutha.Lokhu ngeke nje kubangele ukugqoka kokuqala kwamagobolondo athwalayo, kodwa futhi kubangele ukuguga kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezingxenye ezifana ne-cylinder liner.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha okugcoba kanye namathuluzi okugcwalisa.Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka endaweni okusetshenziswa kuyo.
(2) Ama-injection kaphethiloli we-cylinder ethile noma amasilinda amaningana awazange ahlolwe ngesikhathi, okuholela ekuvuzeni kwedizili kanye nokuhlanjululwa kwamafutha okugcoba.Abasebenzi abangabaphathi abazange bawahlole ngokucophelela ngokwanele, futhi isikhathi eside kancane saholela ekugugeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-cylinder liner.
8. Ukugqokwa okubangelwa izizathu zesakhiwo
(1) Izimo ezingezinhle zokugcoba zibangela ukuguga okukhulu engxenyeni engenhla ye-cylinder liner.Ingxenye engenhla ye-cylinder liner iseduze negumbi elivuthayo, elinokushisa okuphezulu nezimo ezimbi zokugcoba.Umoya omusha kanye nokugeza kukaphethiloli okungaphelelwa yisikhathi, okwenza kube nzima ukuwohloka kwezimo ezingaphezulu, okubangela ukuba isilinda sibe sesimweni somile noma esomile, okuyisizathu sokugqoka kanzima engxenyeni engenhla yesilinda.
(2) Ingxenye engenhla ithwala inani elikhulu lokucindezela, okwenza isilinda siguge kakhulu futhi silula.Indandatho yepiston icindezelwe ngokuqinile odongeni lwesilinda ngaphansi kwamandla ayo okunwebeka kanye nokucindezela emuva.Uma umfutho omuhle uphezulu, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukwakha nokugcina ifilimu yamafutha okugcoba, futhi ukuguga kwemishini kuyaqina.Ngesikhathi sokushaywa komsebenzi, njengoba i-piston yehla, ingcindezi enhle iyancipha kancane kancane, okuholela ekugqokeni okukhulu kwe-cylinder ephansi futhi ephansi.
(3) Ama-acids amaminerali nama-asidi aphilayo abangela ukugqwala nokuxebuka ebusweni besilinda.Ngemva kokushiswa kwengxube evuthayo ku-cylinder, kukhiqizwa umhwamuko wamanzi nama-acidic oxides, ahlakazeka emanzini ukuze enze ama-mineral acids.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-asidi e-organic akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha anomthelela olimazayo ebusweni besilinda.Izinto ezonakalisayo zikhishwa kancane kancane ngamasongo e-piston ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana, okubangela ukuguqulwa kwe-cylinder liner.
(4) Ukungena ukungcola kwemishini kuqinisa ukuguga phakathi nesilinda.Uthuli olusemoyeni kanye nokungcola emafutheni okugcoba kungangena odongeni lwepiston nesilinda, kubangele ukugwabuka.Lapho uthuli noma ukungcola kuhamba emuva naphambili nepiston kusilinda, ukuguga phakathi kwesilinda kuyaqina ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu sokunyakaza endaweni emaphakathi yesilinda.
2, Ukugcinwa kokugqoka kwe-cylinder liner
1. Izici zokuguga nokudabuka kwasekuqaleni
Izinga lokuguga le-cast iron cylinder liner likhulu kuno-0.1mm/kh, futhi ingaphezulu le-cylinder liner lingcolile, kunezinto ezisobala zokudonsa noma ezilumayo njengokuklwebheka, ukuklwebheka, nezinyembezi.Udonga lwesilinda lunezinto ezivuthayo ezifana nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;Izinhlayiya zemikhiqizo yokugqoka zinkulu ngokuqhathaniswa.
2. Imiphumela kanye nezidingo zokugqoka kwe-cylinder liner
(1) Umthelela: Ukujiya kwezindonga kuyancipha, amaphutha ayindingilizi kanye nama-cylindricity ayanda.Lapho ukuguga kwe-cylinder liner kudlula (0.4%~0.8%) D, igumbi lomlilo lilahlekelwa ukuvaleka kwalo futhi amandla enjini yedizili ayancipha.
(2) Isidingo: Izisebenzi zesondlo kufanele zihlole ukugqokwa kwe-cylinder liner ngokwemiyalelo, zibambe futhi zilawule isimo sokuguga kwe-cylinder liner, futhi zivikele ukuguga ngokweqile.
3. Indlela yokubona yokugqokwa kwe-cylinder liner
Ukutholwa kokuguga endaweni eyindilinga yangaphakathi yama-cylinder liners enjini kadizili kungenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
(1) Indlela yetiyori: Ngokusekelwe kusayizi, impahla, kanye nezinga lokuguga kwelayini yesilinda senjini kadizili, bala noma ubhekisele kumajika asetiyetha ukuze unqume izinga lokuguga lendilinga engaphakathi yesilinda liner.
(2) Indlela yokuhlola ebonakalayo: Sebenzisa amehlo anqunu noma isibonakhulu ukuze ubone ngokuqondile ukuguga endaweni engaphakathi yesilinda liner.Ngokuvamile, amakhadi esikali noma amarula athile asetshenziswa ukusiza ekutholeni ukujula kokugqoka.
(3) Indlela yokuthola ipharamitha: kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okubona njengama-micrometer, ama-oscilloscopes, njll., ukuthola ububanzi noma indawo egugile yendingiliza yangaphakathi yesilinda, ukuze kunqunywe izinga elithile lokugqokwa kwendawo.
(4) Indlela yokuthola ukunemba okuphezulu: Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuthola ukunemba okuphezulu njengokutholwa kwe-photoelectric nokuskena nge-laser, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlangothi ezintathu kwenziwa endaweni engaphakathi yomkhono wesilinda ukuze kutholwe idatha yokuguga enembile.
(5) Indlela yokuthola ngaphandle kwezinsimbi
Uma singekho isifanekiso sokuma sokulinganisa futhi kunokuntuleka kwemiyalelo nezinye izinto, lezi zikhundla ezine ezilandelayo zingabhekiselwa kuzo ukuze kulinganiswe ukugqokwa kwe-cylinder liner:
① Uma ipiston isendaweni ephezulu efile, indawo yodonga lwesilinda oluhambisana neringi yepiston yokuqala;
② Uma i-piston imaphakathi nendawo yokushaywa kwayo, indawo yodonga lwesilinda ehambisana neringi yepiston yokuqala;
③ Uma i-piston imaphakathi ne-stroke yayo, udonga lwesilinda oluhambisana nendandatho yokugcina yokugenca kawoyela.
3, Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuguga nokudabuka kusenesikhathi
1. Ukuqalisa kahle
Uma uqala injini ye-diesel ngenjini ebandayo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, i-viscosity ephezulu kawoyela, kanye nokungabi namanzi kahle kubangela ukutholakala kwamafutha okwanele avela empompini kawoyela.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uwoyela osodongeni lwesilinda sangempela ageleza ezansi ngasodongeni lwesilinda ngemva kokuvalwa, okuholela ekugcokeni okungekuhle ngesikhathi sokuqala, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokuguga odongeni lwesilinda ngesikhathi sokuqala.Ngakho-ke.Lapho iqala okokuqala, injini ye-diesel kufanele ifudunyezwe ngesikhathi sokungalayishi, bese isetshenziswa ekulayisheni lapho izinga lokushisa elipholile lifinyelela kuma-60 ℃.
2. Ukukhetha okulungile kwamafutha okugcoba
(1) Khetha ngokuqinile uwoyela wokugcoba we-viscosity angcono kakhulu ngokwesizini kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kwenjini kadizili, ungathengi uwoyela wokugcoba osezingeni eliphansi, futhi njalo hlola futhi ulondoloze inani nekhwalithi yamafutha okugcoba.Ukuqinisa ukugcinwa "kwezihlungi ezintathu" kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukungcola kwemishini ukuthi kungangeni ku-cylinder, ukunciphisa ukugqoka kwesilinda, nokwandisa impilo yesevisi yenjini.Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya nezinomoya nezinesihlabathi.
(2) Naka ukuhlola ukuvala ngaphakathi kwesibandisi sikawoyela.Indlela yokuhlola iwukubona ukuthi awukho umhwamuko wamanzi epayipini lokungenisa umoya le-crankcase.Uma kukhona umhwamuko wamanzi, ukhombisa ukuthi kukhona amanzi emafutheni enjini.Uma lesi simo sisibi kakhulu, amafutha enjini azoba mhlophe njengobisi.Lapho uvula ikhava ye-valve, amaconsi amanzi angabonakala.Lapho ususa umhlangano wokuhlunga uwoyela wenjini, kutholakala ukuthi kukhona ukunqwabelana kwamanzi ngaphakathi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukwanda kwamafutha epanini lamafutha ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, nokuthi ingabe kukhona idizili ngaphakathi.Uma kukhona, ama-injection kaphethiloli kufanele ahlolwe futhi alinganiswe.
3. Gcina izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwenjini ye-diesel
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenjini yedizili lingama-80-90 ℃.Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu futhi ukugcoba okuhle akukwazi ukugcinwa, kuzokwandisa ukugqoka kodonga lwesilinda.Umhwamuko wamanzi ongaphakathi kusilinda uzojiya ube amaconsi amanzi, uncibilikise amangqamuzana egesi ene-acidic ku-exhaust gas, ukhiqize izinto ezine-asidi, futhi ubangele ukugqwala nokuguga odongeni lwesilinda.Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi uma izinga lokushisa lodonga lwesilinda lehla lisuka ku-90 ℃ liye ku-50 ℃, ukuguga kwesilinda kuphindwe kane kunokungu-90 ℃.Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, lizonciphisa amandla esilinda futhi liqinise ukuguga, okungaholela ekwandiseni i-piston ngokweqile futhi kubangele izingozi "zokunwetshwa kwe-cylinder".Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lejeneretha likadizili kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kuka-74 ~ 91 ℃ futhi lingadluli ku-93 ℃.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza okuvamile kwesistimu yokupholisa.Uma noma yikuphi ukuchichima kokupholisa kutholakala ethangini lokunweba, kufanele kubhekwe futhi kukhishwe ngesikhathi.
4. Thuthukisa izinga lokunakekela
Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa, xazulula ngokushesha noma yiziphi izinkinga bese ushintsha noma ulungise izingxenye ezilimele noma ezikhubazekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Lapho ufaka isilinda, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela futhi uhlangane ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe.Emsebenzini wokushintsha indandatho yewaranti, khetha indandatho yepiston enokuqina okufanele.Uma i-elasticity incane kakhulu, igesi izongena ku-crankcase futhi iqhume amafutha odongeni lwesilinda, okwandisa ukugqoka kodonga lwesilinda;I-elasticity ngokweqile izokwandisa ngokuqondile ukugqoka kodonga lwe-cylinder, noma ikhulise ukugqoka kwayo ngenxa yokulimala kwefilimu yamafutha odongeni lwesilinda.
5. Qinisa isondlo
(1) Uhlelo lokulungisa oluqinile, luthuthukise izinga lokunakekela, ikakhulukazi ukuqinisa ukugcinwa “kwezihlungi ezintathu”, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, zenze umsebenzi omuhle ekuhlanzeni umoya, uphethiloli, namafutha okugcoba.Ikakhulukazi isihlungi somoya kufanele sigcinwe njalo, ipayipi lokungena kufanele libe liphelele ngaphandle kokulimala, ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, futhi ukuhlanganisa kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele ngokuvumelana nezidingo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izingxenye noma ukuthatha izinqamuleli zomoya.Uma ukukhanya kwesihlungi sokumelana komoya kuphaneli yensimbi kukhanya ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, kukhombisa ukuthi ukumelana nesihlungi sekufinyelele ku-6kPa, futhi isici sokuhlunga kufanele sihlanzwe noma sishintshwe ngokushesha.
(2) Nciphisa inani lokuqalwa okubandayo kwezinjini zikadizili ngangokunokwenzeka.
(3) Gcina izinga lokushisa elivamile lenjini ye-diesel futhi ugweme ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nemithwalo esindayo.
(4) Sebenzisa uwoyela wokugcoba ohlangabezana nezidingo zokuqinisekisa ukugcotshwa okuhle;Landela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza zokusebenzisa amasethi ejeneretha edizili.
(5) Ukuhlanzeka okuphelele kukadizili kufanele kuqinisekiswe.Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlanzeka kwedizili kuthinta ngqo impilo yesevisi yamaphampu kaphethiloli anengcindezi ephezulu kanye nama-injection, abakhiqizi badinga ukuthi idizili esetshenzisiwe ihlanzwe.Imvamisa, udizili kufanele udakwe amahora angama-48 ngaphambi kokufakwa uphethiloli.Lapho ufaka i-refueling, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuhlanzeka kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okugcwalisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukunamathela emsebenzini wokukhipha amanzi wansuku zonke wesihlukanisi samanzi samafutha.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngisho noma kusetshenziswa idizili ehlanzekile, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayinawo amanzi.Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo, ama-opharetha amaningi ngokuvamile awanaki leli phuzu, okuholela ekuqoqweni kwamanzi ngokweqile.
Isifinyezo:
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunemba nokunemba kwethuluzi lokuhlola kufanele kugcinwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.Ukuhlola kufanele kwenziwe endaweni ehlanzekile ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha, futhi izinga lokuguga kufanele lahlulelwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zokufaka isicelo ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kuyadingeka yini.Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi inqobo nje uma izinyathelo ezichazwe kulesi sihloko zilandelwa ngokuqinile, ukulimala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kusilinda samasethi ejeneretha yedizili kungavinjelwa ngempumelelo, futhi impilo yesevisi yamasethi ejeneretha yedizili inganwetshwa ngempumelelo, ngaleyo ndlela ilethe izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezomnotho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-14-2024