1, Isexwayiso Sokuphepha
1. Ngaphambi kokuqala ijeneretha yedizili, zonke izinto ezivikelayo kufanele zibe ziqinile futhi zingonakalisiwe, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezijikelezayo ezifana nesembozo sokuzivikela sesiphephetha-moya esipholile kanye nenetha elivikelayo lokukhipha ukushisa kwe-generator, okufanele lifakwe ngendlela efanele ukuze livikeleke.
2. Ngaphambi kokusebenza, ukulawulwa nokuvikela izinto zikagesi zikagesi kanye nemigqa yokuxhuma yesethi yejeneretha kufanele kufakwe futhi kuxhunywe, futhi ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesethi ye-generator kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-generator diesel isesimweni esiphephile.
3. Wonke amadivaysi aphansi wesethi ye-generator kufanele aqinisekiswe ukuthi asesimweni esihle futhi axhumeke ngokuthembekile.
4. Zonke izicabha ezikhiywayo namakhava kufanele kuvikelwe ngaphambi kokusebenza.
5. Izinqubo zokunakekela zingase zibandakanye izingxenye ezinzima noma izinto zikagesi ezisongela ukuphila. Ngakho-ke, opharetha kufanele baqeqeshelwe umsebenzi, futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi bangasebenzisi imishini yodwa. Othile kufanele asize ngesikhathi somsebenzi ukuze avimbele izingozi futhi asingathe ngokushesha izimo ezihlukahlukene.
6. Ngaphambi kokulungiswa nokulungiswa kwemishini, amandla ebhethri ejeneretha eqala udizili kufanele anqanyulwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusebenza ngengozi kanye nokulimala komuntu okubangelwa ukuqala kwejeneretha yedizili.
2. Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kukaphethiloli nezinto zokugcoba
Amafutha kanye namafutha okugcoba kuzocasula isikhumba, futhi ukuthintana isikhathi eside kuzodala umonakalo esikhumbeni. Uma isikhumba sithintana namafutha, kufanele sihlanzwe kahle nge-gel yokuhlanza noma i-detergent ngesikhathi. Abasebenzi abahlangana nomsebenzi ohlobene nowoyela kufanele bagqoke amagilavu okuzivikela futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifanele.
1. Izinyathelo zokuphepha kwamafutha
(1) Ukwengezwa kwamafutha
Ngaphambi kokufaka i-refueling, kuyadingeka ukwazi uhlobo oluqondile kanye nenani lamafutha agcinwe ethangini ngalinye likaphethiloli, ukuze amafutha amasha namadala agcinwe ngokuhlukana. Ngemva kokunquma ithangi likaphethiloli kanye nenani, hlola isistimu yamapayipi kawoyela, amavalvu avuleke futhi uwavale kahle, futhi ugxile ekuhloleni izindawo lapho ukuvuza kungase kwenzeke khona. Ukubhema nokusebenza komlilo ovulekile kufanele kuvinjelwe ezindaweni lapho uwoyela negesi kungase kusakazeke khona ngesikhathi sokulayisha uwoyela. Izisebenzi ezilayisha uwoyela kufanele zinamathele kokuthunyelwe kwazo, zilandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza, zibambe inqubekelaphambili yokulayishwa kukawoyela, futhi zigweme ukugijima, ukuvuza, nokuvuza. Ukubhema akuvunyelwe uma wengeza uphethiloli, futhi uphethiloli akufanele ugcwale ngokweqile. Ngemva kokwengeza uphethiloli, ithangi likaphethiloli cap kufanele livalwe ngokuvikelekile.
(2) Ukukhethwa kukaphethiloli
Uma kusetshenziswa uphethiloli wezinga eliphansi, ungabangela ukuthi induku yokulawula yejeneretha kadizili ibambelele futhi ijeneretha kadizili ijikeleze ngokweqile, kubangele ukulimala kwesethi yokuphehla udizili. Uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi unganciphisa futhi umjikelezo wokunakekela isethi yejeneretha kadizili, ukhuphule izindleko zokuwulungisa, futhi wehlise impilo yesevisi yesethi yejeneretha. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa uphethiloli onconywe encwadini yokusebenza.
(3) Kunomswakama kuphethiloli
Uma usebenzisa amasethi ejeneretha asetshenziswa ngokuvamile noma lapho umthamo wamanzi kaphethiloli uphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa, kunconywa ukuthi ufake isihlukanisi samanzi samafutha kusethi yejeneretha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uphethiloli ongena emzimbeni awunawo amanzi noma okunye ukungcola. Ngoba amanzi kuphethiloli angabangela ukugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi ohlelweni lukaphethiloli, futhi kungaholela ekukhuleni kwesikhunta nama-microorganisms ethangini likaphethiloli, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe isihlungi.
2. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zikawoyela
(1) Okokuqala, kufanele kukhethwe uwoyela one-viscosity ephansi kancane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcotshwa okuvamile kwemishini. Kwamanye amasethi ejeneretha anobunzima obukhulu kanye nemithwalo esindayo, uwoyela wenjini ye-viscosity ephakeme kancane kufanele usetshenziswe. Lapho ujova uwoyela, ungaxubi uthuli, amanzi, nezinye izibi kuwoyela wenjini;
(2) Uwoyela okhiqizwa amafekthri ahlukene namabanga ahlukene ungaxutshwa uma kunesidingo, kodwa awukwazi ukugcinwa ndawonye.
(3) Ukuze kunwetshwe isikhathi sokusebenza kwamafutha enjini, uwoyela omdala kufanele ukhishwe lapho kushintsha uwoyela. Amafutha enjini asetshenzisiwe, ngenxa ye-oxidation yezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, kakade aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezine-asidi, udaka olumnyama, amanzi, nokungcola. Abagcini nje ngokudala umonakalo kumajeneretha edizili, kodwa futhi bangcolisa uwoyela wenjini asanda kufakwa, okuthinta ukusebenza kwawo.
(4) Lapho ushintsha uwoyela, isihlungi sikawoyela kufanele futhi sishintshwe. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kuzoba nenani elikhulu le-black sludge, i-particle matter, nokunye ukungcola okunamathele endaweni yokuhlunga uwoyela, okuzokwenza buthaka noma kulahlekelwe ngokuphelele umsebenzi wawo wokuhlunga, kuhluleke ukunikeza isivikelo esidingekayo, futhi kubangele ukuvinjelwa. i-lubricating oil circuit. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungabangela umonakalo ejeneretha likadizili, njengokubamba i-shaft, ukushiswa kwamathayili, nokudonsa isilinda.
(5) Hlola njalo izinga likawoyela, futhi inani lamafutha epanini likawoyela kufanele lilawulwe ngaphakathi kwezimpawu ezingenhla nezingezansi ze-dipstick yamafutha, hhayi amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu. Uma amafutha amaningi okugcoba engeziwe, ukumelana nokusebenza kwezingxenye zangaphakathi ze-generator diesel kuzokwanda, okubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungadingekile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma amafutha okugcoba amancane engeziwe, ezinye izingxenye zejeneretha ye-diesel, njengama-camshafts, ama-valve, njll., azikwazi ukuthola ukugcotshwa okwanele, okuholela ekugqokeni kwengxenye. Uma wengeza okokuqala, wandise kancane;
(6) Bheka ingcindezi nezinga lokushisa likawoyela wenjini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi nokusebenza. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle kutholakala, misa umshini ngokushesha ukuze uhlolwe;
(7) Hlanza njalo izihlungi zikawoyela wenjini ezimahhadlahhadla nezicolekileyo, futhi uhlole njalo izinga lamafutha enjini.
(8) Amafutha enjini ajiyile afaneleka ezindaweni ezibandayo futhi kufanele asetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, uwoyela wenjini ojiyile ujwayele ukuphenduka ube mnyama, futhi umfutho kawoyela wenjini uphansi kunowoyela ojwayelekile, okuyinto evamile.
3. Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwe-coolant
Impilo yesevisi esebenzayo yesipholile ngokuvamile iyiminyaka emibili, futhi idinga ukushintshwa lapho isinqandi-qhwa siphelelwa yisikhathi noma isipholile singcolile.
1. Isistimu yokupholisa kufanele igcwaliswe ngesipholile esihlanzekile kurediyetha noma isishintshi sokushisa ngaphambi kokuba isethi yejeneretha isebenze.
2. Ungayiqalisi i-heater uma kungekho nto yokupholisa kusistimu yokupholisa noma injini igijima, kungenjalo ingabangela umonakalo.
3. Amanzi okupholisa okushisa aphezulu angabangela ukusha okubi kakhulu. Uma ijeneretha yedizili ingapholisiwe, ungawavuli amakhava ethangi lamanzi okupholisa anomfutho ophezulu ohlelweni lokupholisa oluvaliwe, kanye namapulaki amapayipi amanzi.
4. Vimbela ukuvuza kokupholisa, ngenxa yokuvuza akubangeli nje kuphela ukulahleka kokupholisa, kodwa futhi kuncibilikisa uwoyela wenjini futhi kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokugcoba;
5. Gwema ukuthinta isikhumba;
6. Kufanele sibambelele ekusebenziseni okupholisayo unyaka wonke futhi sinake ukuqhubeka kokusetshenziswa kwesipholile;
7. Khetha uhlobo lokupholisa ngokuvumelana nezici ezithile zesakhiwo zamajeneretha ahlukahlukene kadizili;
8. Thenga imikhiqizo ewuketshezi epholisayo ehloliwe futhi efanelekile;
9. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokupholisa azikwazi ukuxutshwa futhi zisetshenziswe;
4. Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwamabhethri
Uma u-opharetha elandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo lapho esebenzisa amabhethri e-lead-acid, kuzoba kuphephe kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa nokugcina ibhethri ngendlela efanele ngokwezincomo zomenzi. Abasebenzi abathintana nama-electrolyte ane-asidi kufanele bagqoke izingubo zokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi ukuvikela amehlo abo.
1. I-Electrolyte
Amabhethri aneasidi yomthofu aqukethe i-sulfuric acid eyi-dilute enobuthi futhi egqwalayo, engabangela ukusha lapho ethinta isikhumba namehlo. Uma i-sulfuric acid isakazeka esikhumbeni, kufanele igezwe ngokushesha ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Uma i-electrolyte isakazeka emehlweni, kufanele igezwe ngokushesha ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ithunyelwe esibhedlela ukuze ilashwe.
2. Igesi
Amabhethri angakhipha amagesi aqhumayo. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya, izinhlansi, iziqhumane ebhethri. Ungabhemi eduze kwebhethri ngenkathi ushaja ukuvikela izingozi zokulimala.
Ngaphambi kokuxhuma nokunqamula iphakethe lebhethri, landela izinyathelo ezifanele. Uma uxhuma iphakethe lebhethri, xhuma isigxobo esiyiphozithivu kuqala bese emva kwalokho uxhume isigxobo esinegethivu. Uma unqamula iphakethe lebhethri, susa isigxobo esinegethivu kuqala bese emva kwalokho ukhiphe isigxobo esiphozithivu. Ngaphambi kokuvala iswishi, qiniseka ukuthi izintambo zixhumeke ngokuphephile. Indawo yokugcina noma yokushaja yamaphakethe ebhethri kufanele ibe nomoya omuhle.
3. I-electrolyte ehlanganisiwe
Uma i-electrolyte etholiwe igxiliwe, kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamanzi anconywe umenzi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, okungcono ngamanzi acwecwe. Isitsha esifanelekile kufanele sisetshenziselwe ukulungisa isisombululo, njengoba siqukethe ukushisa okukhulu, iziqukathi zeglasi ezijwayelekile azifanelekile.
Lapho uxuba, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuvimbela kufanele zilandelwe:
Okokuqala, engeza amanzi esitsheni sokuxuba. Bese wengeza i-sulfuric acid kancane, ngokucophelela, futhi ngokuqhubekayo. Engeza kancane ngesikhathi. Ungalokothi ungeze amanzi ezitsheni ezine-sulfuric acid, njengoba ukuchafaza ngaphandle kungaba yingozi. Abasebenzisi kufanele bagqoke izibuko zokuzivikela namagilavu, izingubo zokusebenza (noma izingubo ezindala), nezicathulo zokusebenza lapho besebenza. Pholisa ingxube ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
5. Ukuphepha kokugcinwa kukagesi
(1) Zonke izikrini ezingakhiywa kufanele zikhiywe ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi ukhiye kufanele ulawulwe ngumuntu ozinikele. Ungawushiyi ukhiye emgodini wokukhiya.
(2) Ezimeni eziphuthumayo, bonke abasebenzi kufanele bakwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokwelapha ukushaqeka kukagesi. Abasebenzi abenza lo msebenzi kumele baqeqeshwe futhi baqashelwe.
(3) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani oxhuma noma onqamula noma iyiphi ingxenye yesekethe ngenkathi isebenza, amathuluzi afakwe i-insulation kumele asetshenziswe.
(4) Ngaphambi kokuxhuma noma ukunqamula isekethe, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesekethe.
(5) Azikho izinto zensimbi ezivunyelwe ukufakwa ebhethrini lenjini yokuphehla udizili noma zishiywe kumatheminali ezintambo.
(6) Uma intambo enamandla igeleza ibheke kumatheminali ebhethri, ukuxhumana okungalungile kungabangela ukuncibilika kwensimbi. Noma yimuphi ulayini ophumayo ovela kuphozithivu yebhethri,
(7) Kudingekile ukuthi uhambe ngomshwalense (ngaphandle kwe-wiring yemoto eqalayo) ngaphambi kokuholela emshinini wokulawula, ngaphandle kwalokho umjikelezo omfushane uzodala imiphumela emibi.
6. Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwamafutha ehlisiwe
(1) Amafutha e-skimmed anobuthi futhi kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalelo yomkhiqizi.
(2) Gwema ukuthinta isikhumba namehlo.
(3) Gqoka izingubo zokusebenza lapho usebenzisa, khumbula ukuvikela izandla namehlo, futhi unake ukuphefumula.
(4) Uma amafutha angcolile efika esikhumbeni, kufanele sigezwe ngamanzi afudumele nensipho.
(5) Uma amafutha angcolile echaphazela emehlweni, hlambulula ngamanzi amaningi ahlanzekile. Futhi ngokushesha uye esibhedlela uyohlolwa.
7. Umsindo
Umsindo usho imisindo eyingozi empilweni yomuntu. Umsindo ungaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, ubangele ukukhathazeka, uphazamise ukunaka, futhi uthinte ikakhulukazi umsebenzi onzima noma onekhono. Kuphinde kuvimbele ukuxhumana nezimpawu zokuxwayisa, okuholela ezingozini. Umsindo uyingozi ekuzweni komsebenzisi, futhi ukuqhuma okungazelelwe komsindo omkhulu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kwesikhashana kubasebenzi izinsuku ezimbalwa ezilandelanayo. Ukuchayeka kaningi emazingeni aphezulu omsindo nakho kungaholela ekulimaleni kwezicubu zangaphakathi zendlebe kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungapheli, okungelapheki. Ngenxa yomsindo odaleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesethi yejeneretha, opharetha kufanele bagqoke izindlebe ezingazwakali nezingubo zokusebenza ngenkathi besebenza eduze kwesethi yejeneretha, futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezihambisanayo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amadivaysi okuvimbela umsindo afakwe ekamelweni le-generator, ama-earmuffs avimbela umsindo kufanele agqoke. Bonke abasebenzi abaseduze nesethi yejeneretha kumele bagqoke ama-earmuff avimbela umsindo. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa zokuvimbela ukulimala komsindo:
1. Lengisa izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuphepha ngokugqamile ezindaweni zokusebenza lapho izindlebe ezingazwakali zidinga ukugqokwa,
2. Phakathi kwebanga lokusebenza lesethi yejeneretha, kuyadingeka ukulawula ukungena kwabangewona abasebenzi.
3. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlebe ezifanelekile ezingazwakali.
4. Abasebenzisi kufanele banake ukuvikela ukuzwa kwabo ngenkathi besebenza.
8. Izinyathelo zokucisha umlilo
Ezindaweni ezinogesi, ukuba khona kwamanzi kuyingozi ebulalayo. Ngakho-ke, akufanele kube khona ompompi noma amabhakede eduze nokubekwa kwamajeneretha noma izinto zokusebenza. Lapho kucutshungulwa ukuhlelwa kwesiza, kufanele kuqashelwe izingozi ezingaba khona zomlilo. Onjiniyela beCummins bazokujabulela ukukunikeza izindlela ezidingekayo zokufakwa okukhethekile. Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso okufanele zicatshangelwe.
(1) Yonke indawo amathangi kaphethiloli nsuku zonke ahlinzekwa ngamandla adonsela phansi noma amaphampu kagesi. Amaphampu kagesi asuka emathangini amakhulu kawoyela amabanga amade kufanele afakwe amavalvu akwazi ukunqamula imililo engazelele ngokuzenzakalelayo.
(2) Izinto ezingaphakathi kwesicishamlilo kumele zenziwe ngegwebu futhi zingasetshenziswa ngqo.
(3) Izinto zokucima umlilo kufanele zihlale zibekwe eduze kwesethi yejeneretha kanye nendawo yokugcina uphethiloli.
(4) Umlilo ovela phakathi kukawoyela nogesi uyingozi kakhulu, futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu zezicishamlilo ezitholakalayo. Kulokhu, sincoma ukusebenzisa i-BCF, i-carbon dioxide, noma i-powder desiccants; Izingubo zokulala ze-asbestos nazo ziyizinto zokucisha eziwusizo. Irabha eyigwebu nayo ingacisha imililo kawoyela kude nezinto zikagesi.
(5) Indawo lapho amafutha abekwe khona kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi igcinwe ihlanzekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuchaphazeka kwamafutha. Sincoma ukuthi ubeke ama-absorber amaminerali amancane e-granular eduze kwesayithi, kodwa ungasebenzisi izinhlayiya zesihlabathi esihle. Nokho, izinto ezimuncayo ezifana nalezi nazo zimunca umswakama, okuyingozi ezindaweni ezinogesi, njengama-abrasives. Kufanele zihlukaniswe nezinto zokucisha umlilo, futhi abasebenzi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi izinto ezimuncayo nezixubhayo azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kumasethi amajeneretha noma ezintweni ezihlanganyelwe zokusabalalisa.
(6) Umoya opholile ungageleza uzungeze i-desiccant. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala isethi ye-generator, kuhle ukuyihlanza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka noma ukususa i-desiccant.
Lapho kuqubuka umlilo egumbini lokuphehla ugesi, kwezinye izindawo, imithethonqubo ibeka ukuthi uma kuba nomlilo egumbini lekhompyutha, kuyadingeka ukumisa okuphuthumayo ukude ukusebenza kwesethi yejeneretha ukuze kuqedwe ukuvela kokuvuza kwesekethe ngesikhathi sekhompyutha. umlilo wegumbi. I-Cummins iklame ngokukhethekile amatheminali ayisisizi okuvala ukuvala okukude kumajeneretha anokuqapha okukude noma aziqalele wona, ukuze asetshenziswe amakhasimende.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-06-2024