Abstract: Amajeneretha edizili ayisiqinisekiso esinokwethenjelwa sokukhiqiza ugesi, futhi ukusebenza kwawo okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukukhiqizwa kweplatifomu.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi kumajeneretha edizili lingelinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile, okuthi, uma lingasingathwanga ngesikhathi, lingadlulela ekufeyikeni okukhulu kwemishini, kukhinyabeze ukukhiqizwa futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okungenakubalwa.Izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamajeneretha edizili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinga lokushisa likawoyela noma izinga lokushisa elipholile, kufanele libe phakathi kwebanga elivamile.Kumajeneretha edizili, izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa likawoyela kufanele libe ngu-90 ° kuya ku-105 °, futhi izinga lokushisa elifanele lokupholisa kufanele libe phakathi kuka-85 ° kuya ku-90 °.Uma izinga lokushisa lejeneretha likadizili lidlula uhla olungenhla noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kubhekwa njengokusebenza okushisa ngokweqile.Ukusebenza kokushisa ngokweqile kubangela izingozi ezinkulu kumajeneretha edizili futhi kufanele kuqedwe ngokushesha.Uma kungenjalo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi ngokuvamile libangela ukubilisa kwesipholisa ngaphakathi kurediyetha, ukuncipha kwamandla, ukuncipha kwe-viscosity kawoyela wokugcoba, ukwanda kokungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye, ngisho nokungasebenzi kahle okukhulu njengokudonsa isilinda kanye nokushiswa kwe-cylinder gasket.
1, Isingeniso Sesistimu Yokupholisa
Kumajeneretha kadizili, cishe u-30% kuya ku-33% wokushisa okhishwa ukushiswa kukaphethiloli udinga ukuhlakazwa emhlabeni wangaphandle ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ezifana namasilinda, amakhanda amasilinda, namapiston.Ukuze kuqedwe lokhu kushisa, inani elanele lendawo yokupholisa lidinga ukuphoqelelwa ukuthi liqhubeke ligeleza ezingxenyeni ezishisayo, liqinisekisa izinga lokushisa elivamile nelizinzile lalezi zingxenye ezishisayo ngokupholisa.Ngakho-ke, amasistimu okupholisa afakwa kumajeneretha amaningi edizili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza okwanele nokuqhubekayo kwendawo yokupholisa kanye nezinga lokushisa elifanele lendawo yokupholisa.
1. Indima kanye nendlela yokupholisa
Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukupholisa amajeneretha edizili kuwukulahlekelwa kwamandla okufanele kugwenywe, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwamajeneretha edizili.Ukupholisa amajeneretha edizili kunemisebenzi elandelayo: okokuqala, ukupholisa kungagcina izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lezingxenye ezishisayo ngaphakathi komkhawulo ovumelekile wezinto ezibonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe amandla anele ezingxenye ezishisayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu;Okwesibili, ukupholisa kungaqinisekisa umehluko wokushisa ofanelekile phakathi kwezindonga zangaphakathi nangaphandle zezingxenye ezishisayo, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okushisayo kwezingxenye ezishisayo;Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukupholisa kungaqinisekisa nokuvunyelwa okufanele phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo ezifana ne-piston ne-cylinder liner, kanye nesimo esivamile sokusebenza sefilimu kawoyela endaweni yokusebenza yodonga lwesilinda.Le miphumela yokupholisa itholakala ngesistimu yokupholisa.Ekuphatheni, zombili izici zokupholisa ijeneretha kadizili kufanele zicatshangelwe, futhi kungavumeli ijeneretha kadizili ukuthi ipholile kakhulu ngenxa yokupholisa ngokweqile noma ukushisa ngokweqile ngenxa yokushoda kokupholisa.Ezikhathini zanamuhla, kusukela ekunciphiseni ukulahlekelwa kokupholisa ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele amandla omlilo, ucwaningo lwezinjini ze-adiabatic lwenziwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi inani lezinto ezimelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, njengezinto zobumba, zenziwe ngokufanele.
Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili zokupholisa zamajeneretha edizili: ukupholisa uketshezi ngempoqo kanye nokupholisa umoya.Iningi lamajeneretha edizili lisebenzisa angaphambili.
2. Imodi yokupholisa
Ohlelweni lokupholisa uketshezi oluphoqelekile lwamajeneretha edizili, ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokupholisa: amanzi ahlanzekile, okokupholisa, namafutha okugcoba.Amanzi ahlanzekile anekhwalithi yamanzi ezinzile, umphumela omuhle wokudlulisa ukushisa, futhi angasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwamanzi ukuze axazulule ukugqwala kwawo kanye nokukhubazeka kokukala, okuwenza abe indawo yokupholisa ekahle esetshenziswa kabanzi okwamanje.Izidingo zekhwalithi yamanzi ahlanzekile zamajeneretha edizili ngokuvamile azinakho ukungcola emanzini ahlanzekile noma emanzini acwecwe.Uma amanzi ahlanzekile, ubunzima obuphelele akufanele budlule i-10 (amadigri aseJalimane), inani le-pH kufanele libe ngu-6.5-8, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-chloride akufanele kudlule i-50 × 10-6.Uma usebenzisa amanzi acwengekile noma amanzi akhishwe ngokuphelele akhiqizwe abashintshi be-ion njengamanzi ahlanzekile okupholisa, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekwelashweni kwamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ukuhlolwa okuvamile kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukugxila kwe-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi kufinyelela ebangeni elicacisiwe.Uma kungenjalo, ukugqwala okubangelwa ukugxila okunganele kubi kakhulu kunokusebenzisa amanzi aqinile ajwayelekile (ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuvikelwa ku-lime film sediment eyakhiwe ngamanzi ajwayelekile aqinile).Izinga lamanzi lesipholisi linzima ukulilawula futhi ukugqwala kwaso kanye nezinkinga zokukala kuyabonakala.Ukuze kuncishiswe ukugqwala kanye nokukala, izinga lokushisa lokuphuma kwesipholisi akufanele lidlule ku-45 ℃.Ngakho-ke, okwamanje kuyivelakancane ukusebenzisa into epholile ngqo ukupholisa amajeneretha edizili;Ukushisa okuqondile kwamafutha okugcoba kuncane, umphumela wokudlulisa ukushisa umpofu, futhi izimo zokushisa eziphezulu zijwayele ukupheka ekamelweni lokupholisa.Kodwa-ke, ayibeki ubungozi bokungcolisa uwoyela we-crankcase ngenxa yokuvuza, okuwenza afaneleke njengendawo yokupholisa yamapiston.
3. Ukwakheka kanye nemishini yesistimu yokupholisa
Ngenxa yezimo ezihlukene zokusebenza zezingxenye ezishisayo, izinga lokushisa elidingekayo lokupholisa, ukucindezela, nokwakheka okuyisisekelo nakho kuyahlukahluka.Ngakho-ke, isistimu yokupholisa yengxenye ngayinye eshisayo ngokuvamile yakhiwa amasistimu amaningana ahlukene.Ivamise ukuhlukaniswa ngamasistimu okupholisa amanzi ahlanzekile amathathu avaliwe: i-cylinder liner nekhanda le-cylinder, i-piston, nesijojo sikaphethiloli.
Amanzi ahlanzekile aphuma lapho kuphuma khona iphampu yamanzi okupholisa i-cylinder liner angena engxenyeni engezansi ye-cylinder liner ngayinye ngepayipi elingenisayo elikhulu lamanzi angama-cylinder liner, futhi apholiswa ngomzila ukusuka ku-cylinder liner kuya ku-cylinder head kuya ku-turbocharger.Ngemva kokuba amapayipi okukhiphayo e-cylinder ngayinye ehlanganisiwe, apholiswa ijeneretha yamanzi kanye ne-cooler yamanzi ahlanzekile endleleni, abese ephinda efaka indawo yokungena yepompo yamanzi okupholisa i-cylinder liner;Enye indlela ingena ethangini lokukhulisa amanzi ahlanzekile.Ipayipi lebhalansi lifakwa phakathi kwethangi lokunweba lamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nephampu yamanzi okupholisa i-cylinder liner ukuze kugcwalise amanzi ohlelweni nokugcina umfutho wokudonsa wepompo lamanzi okupholisa.
Kukhona inzwa yokushisa kusistimu ethola izinguquko ekuphumeni kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi okupholisa futhi ilawule izinga lokushisa layo lokungena nge-valve yokulawula ukushisa.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi ngokuvamile akufanele lidlule ku-90-95 ℃, ngaphandle kwalokho inzwa yezinga lokushisa lamanzi izodlulisela isignali kusilawuli, ibangele i-alamu yokushisa ngokweqile kwenjini yedizili futhi iyalele okokusebenza ukuthi kume.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokupholisa zamajeneretha edizili: okuhlanganisiwe nokuhlukaniswa.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ohlelweni lwe-intercooling yohlobo lwe-split, amanye amamodeli angase abe nendawo yokupholisa ye-intercooler heat exchanger enkulu kunaleyo ye-cylinder liner heat exchanger, futhi onjiniyela benkonzo yomkhiqizi bavame ukwenza amaphutha.Ngenxa yokuthi kuzwakala sengathi amanzi e-cylinder liner adinga ukushintshanisa ukushisa okwengeziwe, kodwa ngenxa yomehluko omncane wezinga lokushisa ekupholiseni okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushintshaniswa kokushisa okuphansi, indawo enkulu yokupholisa iyadingeka.Lapho ufaka umshini omusha, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise nomkhiqizi ukuze ugweme ukusebenza kabusha okuthinta inqubekelaphambili.Izinga lokushisa lamanzi okukhipha i-cooler ngokuvamile akufanele lidlule ama-54 degrees.Izinga lokushisa elidlulele lingakhiqiza inhlanganisela ekhangayo endaweni epholile, okuthinta umphumela wokupholisa wesishintshi sokushisa.
2, Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwamaphutha okushisa kwamanzi aphezulu
1. Izinga lokupholisa eliphansi noma ukukhetha okungafanele
Into yokuqala futhi elula ukuyihlola yizinga lokupholisa.Ungabi nenkolelo-ze mayelana nokushintshwa kwe-alamu yezinga loketshezi oluphansi, ngezinye izikhathi amapayipi amanzi avaleleke kahle amaleveli amaswishi angadukisa abahloli.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokupaka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu amanzi, kuyadingeka ukulinda izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehle ngaphambi kokugcwalisa amanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho kungabangela izingozi ezinkulu zemishini njengokuqhekeka kwekhanda le-cylinder.
into engokoqobo epholisayo yenjini ethile.Hlola njalo izinga lokupholisa kurediyetha kanye nethangi lokunweba, futhi uligcwalise ngesikhathi lapho izinga loketshezi liphansi.Ngoba uma kukhona ukuntuleka kokupholisa ohlelweni lokupholisa lwejeneretha yedizili, kuzothinta umphumela wokukhipha ukushisa wejeneretha yedizili futhi kubangele amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
2. I-cooler evinjiwe noma irediyetha (ipholile emoyeni)
Ukuvaleka kwe-radiator kungase kubangelwe uthuli noma okunye ukungcola, noma kungase kube ngenxa yokugoba noma okuphukile amaphiko avimbela ukugeleza komoya.Uma uhlanza ngomoya noma ngamanzi anomfutho ophezulu, qaphela ukuthi ungagobi amaphiko okupholisa, ikakhulukazi amaphiko okupholisa ama-intercooler.Kwesinye isikhathi, uma okokupholisa kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside kakhulu, ungqimba lwenhlanganisela luzokhanga phezu kwendawo epholile, luthinte umphumela wokushintshanisa ukushisa futhi lubangele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi.Ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kahle kwesipholile, isibhamu sokulinganisa izinga lokushisa singasetshenziswa ukukala umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwamanzi angenisayo naphumayo wesishintshi sokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa lamanzi angenayo nephumayo enjini.Ngokusekelwe kumapharamitha ahlinzekwe ngumkhiqizi, kunganqunywa ukuthi umphumela wokupholisa uphansi yini noma kunenkinga ngomjikelezo wokupholisa.
3. I-air deflector eyonakele kanye nekhava (ipholile emoyeni)
Ijeneretha yedizili epholile emoyeni nayo idinga ukuhlola ukuthi i-air deflector nekhava konakele yini, njengoba umonakalo ungabangela umoya oshisayo ukuba ujikeleze endaweni yokungena komoya, kuthinte umphumela wokupholisa.Indawo yokuphuma komoya kufanele ngokujwayelekile ibe izikhathi ezingu-1.1-1.2 endaweni yokupholisa, kuye ngobude bepayipi lomoya kanye nokuma kwe-grille, kodwa kungabi ngaphansi kwendawo yokupholisa.Ukuqondiswa kwama-fan blades kuhlukile, futhi kukhona umehluko ekufakweni kwekhava.Lapho ufaka umshini omusha, ukunaka kufanele kukhokhwe.
4. Ukulimala kwabalandeli noma ukulimala kwebhande noma ukuxega
Hlola njalo ukuthi ibhande lefeni lejeneretha likadizili lixega yini nokuthi umumo wefeni awujwayelekile yini.Ngenxa yokuthi ibhande labalandeli lixega kakhulu, kulula ukubangela ukwehla kwejubane labalandeli, okuholela ekutheni i-radiator ingakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla ayo okukhipha ukushisa okufanele, okuholela ekushiseni okuphezulu kwe-generator kadizili.
Ukushuba kwebhande kudinga ukulungiswa ngendlela efanele.Nakuba ukuyikhulula kungase kungabi kuhle, ukubambana kakhulu kunganciphisa impilo yesevisi yebhande lokusekela nama-bearings.Uma ibhande liphuka ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lingase libophe ifeni bese lilimaza isibandisi.Amaphutha afanayo enzekile ekusetshenzisweni kwebhande ngamanye amakhasimende.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kwabalandeli kungabangela futhi amandla okukhipha ukushisa erediyetha ukuthi angasetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
5. Ukuhluleka kwe-thermostat
Ukubukeka ngokomzimba kwe-thermostat.Ukwehluleka kwe-thermostat kungahlulelwa kuqala ngokulinganisa umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi angenayo naphumayo ethangi lamanzi kanye ne-inlet yepompo yamanzi kanye nesishintshi sokushisa esikhiphayo kusetshenziswa isibhamu sokulinganisa izinga lokushisa.Ukuhlola okwengeziwe kudinga ukuqaqa i-thermostat, ukuyibilisa ngamanzi, ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokuvula, izinga lokushisa elivuleke ngokugcwele, nezinga elivuleke ngokugcwele ukuze kunqunywe ikhwalithi ye-thermostat.idinga ukuhlolwa kwe-6000H, kodwa ngokuvamile ishintshwa ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okukhulu okuphezulu noma okuphezulu nangaphansi, futhi akukho ukuhlolwa okwenziwa uma kungekho amaphutha phakathi.Kodwa uma i-thermostat ilimele ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi ama-fan ama-fan wepompo yamanzi okupholisa awonakele yini nokuthi ingabe ikhona yini enye i-thermostat esele ethangini lamanzi ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo owengeziwe empompini yamanzi.
6. Iphampu yamanzi ilimele
Lokhu okungenzeka kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa.I-impeller ingase yonakaliswe noma ihlukaniswe, futhi inganqunywa ukuthi iyihlakaze yini futhi iyihlole ngokusebenzisa ukwahlulela okuphelele kwesibhamu sokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kanye negeji yokucindezela, futhi idinga ukuhlukaniswa nesenzakalo sokungenisa komoya ohlelweni.Kunendawo yokukhipha amanzi ezansi kwepompo yamanzi, futhi ukuconsa kwamanzi lapha kubonisa ukuthi uphawu lwamanzi lwehlulekile.Eminye imishini ingase ingene ohlelweni ngalokhu, kuthinte ukuhamba kwegazi futhi kubangele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi.Kodwa uma kukhona amaconsi ambalwa okuvuza ngomzuzu owodwa lapho ushintsha iphampu yamanzi, ingashiywa ingalashwa futhi ibhekwe ukuze isetshenziswe.Ezinye izingxenye ngeke zisavuza ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi esithile.
7. Kukhona umoya ohlelweni lokupholisa
Umoya ohlelweni ungathinta ukuhamba kwamanzi, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungabangela ukuba iphampu yamanzi ihluleke futhi uhlelo luyeke ukugeleza.Ngisho nezinye izinjini ziye zabhekana nokuchichima okuqhubekayo kwamanzi aphuma ethangini lamanzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-alamu yezinga eliphansi ngesikhathi sokupaka, kanye nokwahlulela okungalungile komhlinzeki wesevisi womkhiqizi, ecabanga ukuthi igesi evuthayo evela kusilinda esithile iputshuzele ohlelweni lokupholisa.Bashintsha wonke ama-cylinder cylinder gaskets angu-16, kodwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwaqhubeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Ngemva kokufika endaweni, saqala ukukhathala sisuka endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yenjini.Ngemva kokuqedwa kwe-exhaust, injini yagijima ngokujwayelekile.Ngakho-ke, lapho ubhekana namaphutha, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi izimo ezifanayo ziye zaqedwa ngaphambi kokwenza ukulungiswa okukhulu.
8. Isibandisi sikawoyela esilimele esidala ukuvuza kokupholisa
(1) Iphutha elenzeka
Ijeneretha ebekwe endaweni ethile itholwe inamanzi alokhu econsa ngaphandle esuka onqenqemeni lwembobo yediphu kawoyela wokugcoba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuqaliswa, okushiya ukupholisa okuncane kurediyetha.
(2) Ukuthola amaphutha nokuhlaziya
Ngemuva kophenyo, kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthi umshini wokuphehla udizili ungasebenzi kahle, azikho izinto ezingavamile ezitholakele ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwendawo yokwakha.Isipholile savuza epanini likawoyela ngemva kokuvalwa kwejeneretha likadizili.Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu kungasebenzi ukuvuza kokupholisa uwoyela noma ukulimala kwe-cylinder liner evala igumbi lamanzi.Ngakho okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kumshini wokupholisa uwoyela, okwakuhilela ukukhipha into epholisa uwoyela kumshini wokupholisa uwoyela kanye namapayipi axhumayo okungenisa nokuphuma kawoyela wokugcoba.Khona-ke, indawo yokupholisa yavinjwa, futhi kwafakwa umfutho othile wamanzi endaweni yokupholisa.Ngenxa yalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi amanzi aphuma echwebeni likawoyela wokugcoba, okubonisa ukuthi iphutha lokuvuza kwamanzi lalingaphakathi kwesibandisi sikawoyela.Iphutha lokuvuza kokupholisa lidalwe ukushiselwa kwe-cooler core, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lenzeke ngesikhathi kuvalwa ijeneretha yedizili.Ngakho-ke, lapho isethi yejeneretha yedizili iqeda ukusebenza, azikho izinto ezingavamile.Kodwa lapho i-generator diesel icishiwe, ukucindezela kwamafutha okugcoba kusondela ku-zero, futhi i-radiator inokuphakama okuthile.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukucindezela kokupholisa kukhulu kunokucindezela kwamafutha okugcoba, futhi isipholile sizogeleza siye epanini likawoyela sisuka ekuvulekeni kwe-cooler core, okubangela ukuthi amanzi aconsele ngaphandle esuka onqenqemeni lwembobo ye-dipstick yamafutha.
(3) Ukuxazulula izinkinga
Hlukanisa i-cooler yamafutha bese uthola indawo ye-weld evulekile.Ngemva kokushisela kabusha, iphutha laxazululeka.
9. Ukuvuza kwe-cylinder liner okubangela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokupholisa
(1) Iphutha elenzeka
Ijeneretha yedizili engu-B yochungechunge.Ngesikhathi kulungiswa indawo yokulungisa, i-piston, izindandatho ze-piston, amagobolondo aphethe nezinye izingxenye zashintshwa, indiza ye-cylinder head yayiphansi, futhi i-cylinder liner yashintshwa.Ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu, akukho okungavamile okutholakele ngesikhathi kuqhubeka umsebenzi efektri, kodwa ngemva kokulethwa kumnikazi womshini ukuze awusebenzise, kwaba nephutha lokushisa eliphezulu lokupholisa lenzeka.Ngokwempendulo yomqhubi, ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa elivamile lokusebenza, izinga lokushisa elipholile lizofinyelela ku-100 ℃ ngemva kokugijima amakhilomitha angu-3-5.Uma ipakwe isikhathi esithile futhi iqhubeka nokusebenza ngemva kokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi, izophinde ikhuphuke ibe ngu-100 ℃ esikhathini esifushane kakhulu.Ijeneretha kadizili ayinawo umsindo ongajwayelekile, futhi awekho amanzi aphuma ku-cylinder block.
(2) Ukuthola amaphutha nokuhlaziya
Ijeneretha kadizili ayinawo umsindo ongajwayelekile, futhi intuthu evela epayipini lokukhipha umoya ijwayelekile.Kunganqunywa ukuthi imvume phakathi kwe-valve, i-valve kanye nenduku yokuqondisa kuyinto evamile.Okokuqala, linganisa ingcindezi yesilinda ngegeji yokucindezela kokucindezela, bese wenza ukuhlola okuyisisekelo kwesistimu yokupholisa.Akukho ukuvuza kwamanzi noma ukugeleza kwamanzi okutholakele, futhi ileveli yoketshezi olupholisayo kurediyetha nayo iyahlangabezana nemithethonqubo.Lapho kuhlolwa ukusebenza kwepompo yamanzi ngemva kokuqala, akukho okungavamile okutholakele, futhi kwakungekho umehluko ocacile wokushisa phakathi kwamagumbi aphezulu naphansi we-radiator.Kodwa-ke, kwatholakala inani elincane lamabhamuza, ngakho-ke kwakusolwa ukuthi i-cylinder gasket yonakalisiwe.Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder nokuhlola i-cylinder gasket, akukho senzakalo esivuthayo esicacile esatholakala.Ngemva kokubhekwa ngokucophelela, kwatholakala ukuthi kunomonakalo phezulu kwe-cylinder liner eyayiphakeme kunendiza engaphezulu ye-cylinder block.Lapho ufaka i-cylinder gasket, imbobo ye-piston yabekwa ngokunembile kumbuthano wangaphandle wendawo eyonakele, futhi i-cylinder gasket yayigcwele indiza engaphezulu yechweba elimele.Kulokhu, kungacatshangwa ukuthi ukuvaleka okungekuhle kwe-cylinder gasket kubangele igesi enomfutho omkhulu ukuthi ingene emseleni wamanzi, okubangele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lokupholisa.
(3) Ukuxazulula izinkinga
Ngemva kokufaka i-cylinder liner nokuqinisa amabhawodi ekhanda lesilinda ngokuya ngetorque eshiwo, akubangakho mkhuba wokushisa okuphezulu okupholisa futhi.
10. Ukusebenza kokugcwala ngokweqile kwesikhathi eside
Ukusebenza kokugcwala ngokweqile kwesikhathi eside kwamajeneretha edizili kungakhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwawo kukaphethiloli kanye nomthwalo oshisayo, okuholela ekushiseni okuphezulu kwamanzi.Kulokhu, amajeneretha edizili kufanele agwenywe ekusebenzeni kokugcwala ngokweqile kwesikhathi eside.
11. Ukudonsa isilinda senjini
Ukudonsa isilinda senjini kukhiqiza inani elikhulu lokushisa, okubangela ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa likawoyela kanye nezinga lokushisa lamanzi le-cylinder liner.Uma isilinda sidonswa kanzima, kuzokhishwa intuthu emhlophe embotsheni yokukhipha umoya ye-crankcase, kodwa ukudonsa kancane kungabonisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi, futhi alukho ushintsho olubalulekile ekungeneni komoya kwe-crankcase.Uma ushintsho lokushisa kwamafutha lungasabonwa, kunzima ukunquma.Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphezulu ngokungavamile, lingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvula umnyango we-crankcase, ukuhlola ingaphezulu le-cylinder liner, ukubona izinkinga ngesikhathi, nokugwema izingozi ezimbi kakhulu zokudonsa isilinda.Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole indawo yokuphuma komoya ye-crankcase ngaso sonke isikhathi.Uma kunentuthu emhlophe noma ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuphuma komoya, kufanele kumiswe ukuze kuhlolwe.Uma kungekho okungavamile ku-cylinder liner, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kukhona yini ukuthambisa okuthwala okubi okubangela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela.Ngokufanayo, ukwanda kokuphuma komoya kuzotholakala ku-crankcase.Kuyadingeka ukuhlonza imbangela bese uyiphatha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umshini ukugwema izingozi ezinkulu zemishini.
Okungenhla yizizathu eziningana ezingenzeka, ezingahlulelwa kusukela kokulula kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganiswe nezinye izinto ezingenzeka zephutha, ukuhlonza imbangela.Lapho kuhlolwa imoto entsha noma ukulungiswa okukhulu, kuyadingeka ukukala futhi urekhode izinga lokushisa lamanzi endaweni yokungena nokuphuma kwe-cooler, i-inlet kanye nokuphuma komshini, kanye nezinga lokushisa lephuzu ngalinye lokugcoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zomthwalo, ukuze kube lula ukuqhathaniswa kwamapharamitha kanye nophenyo olufika ngesikhathi lwamaphoyinti angajwayelekile uma kwenzeka kuba nokungahambi kahle komshini.Uma ingakwazi ukusingathwa kalula, ungakala amanye amaphuzu okushisa futhi usebenzise ukuhlaziya okulandelayo kwethiyori ukuze uthole imbangela yephutha.
3, Izingozi zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela
Uma i-generator ye-diesel isesimweni "sokushisa okomile", okungukuthi, ukusebenza ngaphandle kwamanzi okupholisa, noma iyiphi indlela yokupholisa yokuthela amanzi okupholisa ku-radiator ngokuyisisekelo ayisebenzi, futhi i-generator diesel ayikwazi ukukhipha ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Okokuqala, esimweni sokugijima, imbobo yokugcwalisa amafutha kufanele ivulwe futhi amafutha okugcoba kufanele afakwe ngokushesha.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esimweni sokuphelelwa amanzi ngokuphelele, amafutha okugcoba we-generator diesel azohwamuka ngenani elikhulu lokushisa eliphezulu futhi kufanele agcwaliswe ngokushesha.Ngemva kokwengeza amafutha okugcoba, injini kufanele icishwe, futhi kufanele kuthathwe noma iyiphi indlela yokucisha ijeneretha yedizili futhi kunqanyulwe uwoyela.Ngesikhathi esifanayo sebenzisa isiqalisi bese usebenzisa ijeneretha yedizili ngokungenzi lutho, isebenza ngokuqhubekayo imizuzwana eyi-10 nesikhawu semizuzwana emi-5 ukuze ugcine lo msindo.Kungcono ukulimaza injini yokuqalisa esikhundleni sokuvikela ijeneretha likadizili, ukuze unciphise izingozi ezimbi njengokunamathela noma ukudonsa isilinda.Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe ohlelweni lokupholisa.
1. Ukulungisa imingcele yokusebenza yesistimu yokupholisa
(1) Ukucindezela kokuphuma kwepompo lamanzi okupholisa kufanele kulungiswe phakathi kwebanga lokusebenza elivamile.Ngokujwayelekile, umfutho wamanzi ahlanzekile kufanele ube phezulu kunomfutho wokupholisa ukuze uvimbele ukuthi isipholile singavuzi emanzini ahlanzekile futhi siwenze wonane lapho ukuvuza okupholile.
(2) Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ahlanzekile kufanele lilungiswe liye ebangeni elijwayelekile lokusebenza ngokwemiyalelo.Ungavumeli izinga lokushisa lamanzi ahlanzekile libe phansi kakhulu (okubangela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okukhulayo, ukucindezeleka okushisayo, ukugqwala okuphansi) noma kube phezulu kakhulu (okubangela ukuhwamuka kwefilimu yamafutha okugcoba odongeni lwesilinda, ukuguga okuqinisiwe kodonga lwesilinda, ukuhwamuka ekamelweni lokupholisa, nokuguga ngokushesha kwe-cylinder liner sealing ring).Ezinjinini zikadizili ezinesivinini esimaphakathi neziphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphumayo lingalawuleka phakathi kuka-70 ℃ no-80 ℃ (ngaphandle kokushisa uwoyela osindayo onesibabule), kanye nezinjini ezinejubane eliphansi, lingalawulwa phakathi kuka-60 ℃ no-70 ℃;Umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kokungenisa nokuthekelisa akumele udlule ku-12 ℃.Ngokujwayelekile kuyalulekwa ukuthi usondele emkhawulweni ophezulu ovumelekile wokushisa okuphumayo kwamanzi ahlanzekile.
(3) Izinga lokushisa lendawo yokupholisa akufanele lidlule ku-50 ℃ ukuvimbela ukuhlaziya usawoti ukuthi ungangeni futhi uphazamise ukudluliswa kokushisa.
(4) Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-valve yokudlula epayipini lokupholisa ingase isetshenziselwe ukulungisa inani lokupholisa amanzi elingena endaweni epholile, noma i-valve yokudlula epayipini lamanzi ahlanzekile ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa inani lamanzi ahlanzekile angena endaweni epholile. i-water cooler noma izinga lokushisa elipholile.Imikhumbi yesimanje esanda kwakhiwa ivamise ukuhlonyiswa ngemishini yokulawula izinga lokushisa okuzenzakalelayo yamanzi ahlanzekile namafutha okugcoba, futhi amavalvu awo alawulayo afakwa kakhulu kumapayipi amanzi ahlanzekile namafutha okugcoba ukuze kulawulwe inani lamanzi ahlanzekile namafutha okugcoba angena endaweni epholile.
(5) Hlola ukugeleza kwamanzi apholisayo kusilinda ngasinye.Uma kudingekile ukulungisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okupholisa, i-valve yokuphuma yepompo yamanzi okupholisa kufanele ilungiswe, futhi isivinini sokulungisa kufanele sihambe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.Ivalvu yokungena yepompo yamanzi okupholisa kufanele ihlale isendaweni evuleke ngokugcwele.
(6) Uma ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi yamanzi okupholisa isilinda kutholakala futhi ukulungiswa kungasebenzi, ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuba khona kwegesi ohlelweni.Imbangela kufanele ikhonjwe futhi iqedwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. Yenza ukuhlola njalo
(1) Njalo hlola izinguquko zezinga lamanzi ethangini lamanzi lokunwetshwa kanye nekhabhinethi yokuhambisa amanzi ahlanzekile.Uma izinga lamanzi lehla ngokushesha, imbangela kufanele ibonakale ngokushesha futhi iqedwe.
(2) Hlola njalo izinga lokupholisa amanzi, amapayipi amanzi, amaphampu amanzi, njll. wesistimu yokuphehla udizili, futhi ubone ngokushesha futhi ususe amaphutha njengesikali nokuvimbeka.
(3) Hlola ukuthi isisefo sokupholisa kanye nevalvu yokupholisa kuvinjwe yini udoti.Lapho uhamba ngomkhumbi ezindaweni ezibandayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwesistimu yamapayipi okupholisa ukuze kuvinjwe ivalvu engaphansi kwamanzi ukuthi ingabhajwa yiqhwa, nokuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa kwesibalisi esingena endaweni epholile (25 ℃).
(4) Kungcono ukuhlola izinga lamanzi okupholisa kanye ngesonto.Ukugxila kwezithasiselo zokwelashwa kwamanzi (njengama-corrosion inhibitors) kufanele kube phakathi kwebanga elishiwo emiyalweni yazo, kube nenani le-pH (7-10 ku-20 ℃) kanye nokugxiliswa kwe-chloride (okungadluli ku-50ppm).Izinguquko kulezi zinkomba zinganquma cishe isimo sokusebenza sesistimu yokupholisa.Uma ukugcwala kwe-chloride kukhuphuka, kukhombisa ukuthi isipholile singenile;Ukwehla kwenani le-pH kubonisa ukuvuza kwe-exhaust.
(5) Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lubushelelezi yini, luvumela ukugeleza komoya okwanele ku-generator diesel, kuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla ayo okukhipha ukushisa nokunciphisa ingozi yokushisa okuphezulu.
Isifinyezo:
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezinengqondo nezisombululo zesimo sokushisa esiphezulu samajeneretha edizili ziyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bokusebenza okungaguquki kwamajeneretha edizili, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle okuvamile kokukhiqiza kanye nempilo yesevisi yamajeneretha edizili.Imvelo yamajeneretha edizili ingathuthukiswa ngezindlela eziningi, izinga lezingxenye ezikhiqiza udizili lingathuthukiswa, futhi izinyathelo zokunakekela zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe kangcono futhi kusetshenziswe amasethi ejeneretha yedizili.Amaphutha okushisa kwamanzi aphezulu kumajeneretha edizili avamile, kodwa inqobo nje uma etholwa ngesikhathi, ngokuvamile awabangeli umonakalo omkhulu kusethi yejeneretha yedizili.Zama ukungawuvali umshini ngokushesha ngemva kokutholakala, ungajahi ukugcwalisa amanzi, futhi ulinde ukuthululwa komthwalo ngaphambi kokuvala.Okungenhla kusekelwe ezintweni zokuqeqesha zomkhiqizi wesethi yejeneretha kanye nolwazi lwenkonzo yasendaweni.Ngethemba ukuthi singasebenza ngokubambisana ukugcina okokuphehla ugesi esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-07-2024