Amaphampu wamanzi asungule kanye nentuthuko yezimboni. Ngekhulu le-19, bekukhona izinhlobo eziphelele eziphelele nezinhlobonhlobo zamaphampu phesheya, ezazisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngokusho kwezibalo, cishe ngo-1880, ukukhiqizwa kwamaphampu we-centrifugal jikelele akhule kube ngaphezulu kwama-90% okukhiqizwa okuphelele kwamaphampu, ngenkathi amaphampu e-ekhethekile afana namaphampu wesitshalo samandla, amaphampu amakhemikhali, kanye namaphampu wemayini azoba yi-10% kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwepompo okuphelele. Ngo-1960, amaphampu wenhloso ejwayelekile abhalwe cishe ngo-45%, kanti amaphampu wenhloso ekhethekile ebalwa cishe ama-55%. Ngokusho komkhuba wamanje wokuthuthuka, ingxenye yamaphampu wenhloso ekhethekile izoba ngaphezulu kwaleyo yamaphampu wenhloso ejwayelekile.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, amaphampu angaphansi aqala ukuthuthukiswa yi-United States ukuze athathe amaphampu ajulile. Kamuva, amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu futhi enze ucwaningo nentuthuko, ethuthuka ngokuqhubekayo futhi ethuthuka kancane kancane. Isibonelo, imayini yamalahle ansundu eRhine eJalimane isebenzisa amaphampu kagesi angaphezu kuka-2500, ngokuba namandla amakhulu afinyelela ku-1600kW kanye nekhanda le-410m.
Iphampu kagesi engaphansi kwezwe lethu yathuthukiswa ngawo-1960, phakathi kwayo ipompo kagesi engaphansi komhlaba sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziselwe ukunisela epulazini eningizimu, futhi amaphampu kagesi amancane naphakathi nawo asolwandle asungule uchungechunge futhi abe afakwe ekukhiqizeni isisindo. Amandla amakhulu nama-voltage aphezulu amaphampu angaphansi kanye nama-motor kagesi asethulwe futhi, futhi amaphampu amakhulu angaphansi anomthamo ongama-500 no-1200 kw afakwe ezimayini. Isibonelo, i-Anshan Iron ne-Steel Company isebenzisa ipompo kagesi engu-500kW engaphansi komhlaba ukukhipha imayini yensimbi ye-qianshan evulekile, enomthelela omkhulu ngesikhathi semvula. Kukhona izinkomba zokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu kagesi angaphansi komhlaba kuzoguqula imishini yokudonsa amanzi ezimayini, ngamathuba okufaka esikhundleni samaphampu amakhulu endabuko avundlile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphampu amakhulu kagesi angaphansi kwamandla angaphansi kokukhiqizwa kwesivivinyo.
Imishini esetshenziselwa ukupompa, ukuthutha, kanye nokwandisa ingcindezi yotshwala ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amaphampu. Ngokombono wamandla, iphampu ngumshini oguqula amandla emishini we-premical mandla abe amandla okudluliselwa koketshezi, ukukhulisa izinga lokugeleza kanye nengcindezi yoketshezi.
Umsebenzi wepompo wamanzi ngokuvamile ukudweba uketshezi olusuka endaweni ephansi bese uluthutha epayipini kuya endaweni ephakeme. Isibonelo, esikubonayo ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke kusetshenziswa ipompo ukupompa amanzi avela emifuleni nasemachibini ukuze anisele epulazini; Isibonelo, amanzi okuphonsa emanzini ajulile angaphansi komhlaba futhi alethe emibhoshongweni yamanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi ingcindezi yoketshezi ingakhuphuka ngemuva kokudlula ephampu, umsebenzi wepompo nawo ungasetshenziswa ukukhipha uketshezi ezitsheni eziphansi futhi unqobe ukumelana nendlela yokuyihambisa ezitsheni eziphakeme ingcindezi noma ezinye izindawo ezidingekayo. Isibonelo, iphampu ye-boile feedwater iphampu idonsa amanzi ethangini lamanzi eliphansi lokuphakela amanzi esigubhini se-boiler ngengcindezi ephezulu.
Uhla lokusebenza lwamaphampu lubanzi kakhulu, futhi izinga lokugeleza kwamaphampu amakhulu lingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingamakhulu amaningana m 3 / h noma ngaphezulu; Izinga lokugeleza kwamaphampu amancane lingaphansi kwamashumi we-ML / H. Ukucindezela kwayo kungafinyelela ngaphezulu kwe-1000mpa ekucindezelweni komkhathi. Kungahambisa uketshezi emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-200℃ngaphezu kwama-800℃. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zoketshezi ezingahanjiswa ngamaphampu,
Ingahambisa amanzi (amanzi ahlanzekile, indle, njll.), Uwoyela, i-acid-Base Liquid, ama-Emulsions, ukumiswa, kanye nezinsimbi eziwuketshezi. Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lamaphampu abantu abalibonayo ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke lisetshenziselwa ukuthutha amanzi, ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi amaphampu wamanzi. Kodwa-ke, njengegama elijwayelekile lamaphampu, leli gama licacile.
isithombe samanziIkheli lokuthenga lepompo yamanzi
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-03-2024